Showing posts with label wildlife. Show all posts
Showing posts with label wildlife. Show all posts

Thursday, October 29, 2026

What to Name Your Raccoons (Celebrity Photo Edition)

Years ago, I wrote an Associated Content Top Ten List of raccoon names for someone who had run through Rocky, Rikki, Ringtail, Bandit, and was starting on color names. Let's face it: raccoons, unlike cats and dogs, don't show enough color variation to make color names really fit. I proposed naming raccoons after famous people known for looking good in sunglasses.

It occurs to me, now that JPGs are easier to find and browsers can handle lots of them, that that list really needed some fair-use photos. If your friends do not immediately grasp the reference, you can show them the picture of the celebrity in whose honor you named the raccoon. All photos from Google.


It is not thinking "Will you be my mother, snuggle me on your lap, and give me a cute name?" It is thinking "This is my property. All edible, shreddable, breakable, clawable, or sleepworthy things belong to me." It probably won't answer to its name but you might as well pick one that's good for a smile.


Jennifer Garbagecaniston 


Eraccoon Badu


Joan Diditagain


Amelia Earocorn (she always pushed them up on her head for photo-ops, but she wore them!)


Greta Garbagecans


Coonella Harris (Yes! Kamala Harris finally found some decent-looking jeans that fit! Cheers!)


Mapachita Nyongo


Rackie Onassis


Hillary Rodham Ringtail


Melania Rump (sorry, couldn't help it; she loves and wears her sunglasses so well, she's been known to wear them at night!)

And for the males, we have:


Harry Belacoontail


Chow Lean-Fat-Whatever-I-Want-It-All


George Hairyson


Raccoon James


Offmylawn Musk


Rick Naughty 


Rack Obama


Raccoon Petty


Bruce Springstraps

Thursday, August 14, 2025

Save the Hellbenders

It was refreshing to find the Appalachian Voice in the mailbox recently; I don't think this small, partisan news magazine has been printed since the hurricane. In this summer's Voice was an article about an animal I've read about but never actually encountered. Since you readers have a high tolerance for biological gross-outs I thought you might like to learn more about the hellbender, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis, which most people never see even if they live near the animals' habitat.


Photo from Tn.gov. 

A hellbender is a sort of salamander. It's not as attractive as more common kinds of salamander. It has a large round head, is the color of clay mud, and can live for thirty years just growing bigger and uglier.  It's usually seen as similar in size and shape to a mudpuppy (it can grow bigger), but lacks the long gills at the back of the mudpuppy's head. Some old hellbenders weigh as much as five pounds, and measure up to 29 inches long; 16 inches long is more typical.

Hellbenders breathe oxygen underwater, through their skins as well as their faces. They can breathe on land but don't venture onto land if they can avoid it. As cold-blooded animals they need to stay where the temperature suits them, which, since they are adapted to function at a much colder body temperature than a warm-blooded animal's, is in deep water. When they swim up to where humans can see them they usually move fast back down to where the water feels good to them. 

Why is it called that? I've often wondered whether "hellbender" was one of those names, like "raccoon" and "skunk" and "possum," derived from an indigenous language. Apparently it's not. Early English immigrants, seeing the animal as some sort of unnatural cross between fish, snake, and lizard, thought it swam fast because it was "hell-bent" on returning to the underworld whence it came. It's also called "snot-otter," if you  prefer. It has no name that Victorians could utter in polite company because people didn't think the animal deserved to be discussed in polite company. Nicknames like "mud dog," "grampus," "den master," and "lasagna sides" are printable but not widely understood. If you want a name that sounds polite, try "cryptobranchid." There is only one species in the genus Cryptobranchus, but if there were others, the family name would be Cryptobranchidae.

Cryptobranchus means "hidden gills." These salamanders have visible gills when they first hatch, but in the second year of their lives the external gills drop off. For the rest of their lives they breathe through bare "gill slits" and absorb oxygen through their skin. 

So why does this animal inspire so much hate? Apparently just because it's big and ugly. It has sharp little teeth and can nip if grabbed; apart from occasional self-defense the animal is a harmless part of the food chain that indicates premium water quality. It stays in the water, eating small fishes and shellfish and doing humans no harm at all. It's not big enough to compete with us for fish big enough to be worth cooking. Though it seems as if it would be a predator on fish--it will eat chunks of killed fish--it's actually a prey animal for fish.

Hellbenders, like loons, can live only where the water is deeper, cleaner, colder, and richer in oxygen than most North American streams have ever been. They're not found in lakes, ponds, or branch creeks where children might wade. 

Their family lives take the concept of patriarchy beyond the wildest dreams of any patriarchal male mammal. Males scoop out nests on the bottoms of rivers. Nests are usually made under rocks or logs, sometimes in holes in riverbanks. Females are allowed in to lay eggs in the nests, where the males fertilize the eggs after they are laid and then defend them until they hatch. Females don't bond with males; they wriggle around together as males try to fertilize eggs as soon as they're laid, but don't have sex in the sense that most animals do. Both sexes are likely to choose another mate the next time. When each female who has mated with a male lays her little round eggs in the same nest, the male may wind up tending a thousand or more eggs, a few hundred from each female. Male hellbenders take their family responsibility very seriously--so much so that they may kill and eat other males who swim too close to their nests. (When not brooding, male hellbenders seem pretty peaceable.) The eggs are about a quarter-inch in diameter and take ten to twelve weeks to hatch. Then the inch-long hatchlings swim away on their own.

Larval hellbenders resemble other baby salamanders. They have noticeable gills for about a year and a half, while they grow to about four inches long, and then they lose the gills and look more like their parents. They breathe through gill slits and through their skins. They have internal structures that are classified as "simple lungs," which they use more for buoyancy than for breathing. A lateral frill of skin on each side, and folds of skin along the body, increase skin surface area and facilitate breathing. In a few more years, when they're six to eight years old and about a foot long, they become able to breed, but they never stop growing.


A baby hellbender with small ear-like gills. Photo from NCWildlife.gov.

They seem to be able to see fairly well in the light, but hunt and eat mostly at night. 


Photo from Wikipedia. Four toes on each fore paw, five on each hind paw.

Appalachian and Ozark hellbenders are different subspecies, but can crossbreed, so they're counted as one species. 

Males and females look alike and are similar in size. Males are more aggressive; they herd gravid females into their nests and keep them there until the females lay their eggs. Females have nothing to do but hide from predators, eat, and wait to grow more eggs and mate again, so they tend to be the individuals who live longest and grow biggest.

There are believed to have been 626 populations of this species. About 40% of those populations have died out. A majority of known surviving populations seem to be declining. States where this animal has been found classify it as "threatened" or "of concerned," and some people lobby for it to be classified as "endangered." 

Threats to the species' existence include

  • pollution
  • de-oxygenation of river water from pollution, silt, and dams
  • loss of river depth as streams silt up, a natural process aggravated by human activities such as ploughing and construction
  • anglers catching and killing the animals in the belief that they eat fish and/or are venomous
  • fungus and virus infections
  • cannibalism when the protective fathers believe the young cannot survive, when an egg seems to be non-viable or when the water becomes muddy

They are a species that nature always intended to remain rare. Populations of hellbenders thin themselves by cannibalism if there is the least chance of overcrowding. 

These unappealing animals caught the Voice reporters' attention when dead bodies of a species many local people had never seen turned up in the aftermath of Hurricane Helene. Many home-loving hellbenders were washed away from their homes to succumb to what they experienced as heat strokes on the mounds of silt and mud displaced by flooding. Though North Carolina's hellbender population was estimated by ones before the hurricane and obviously decimated after the hurricane, living hellbenders have survived and still live in the affected rivers.

Though most people living in the States where they live never have seen a living hellbender and never will, there are things they can do to help this species survive:

1. Preserve stream and river banks, even along shallow branch creeks. Reduce the rate of silt transfer by encouraging large wildflowers, reeds and rushes, and trees where possible, to grow on steep, near-vertical stream banks. 

2. Stop spraying poisons in the outdoor environment. (Poisoning termites inside a building is less likely to affect wildlife.) "Pesticides" kill more valuable wildlife than pests.

3. Try planting crops in mounds of mulch, straw bales, etc., which can even be terraced along hillsides that are too steep to plough, instead of ploughing up topsoil. Mountain people prize "bottom land" that lies at or below the level of the nearest stream because topsoil does not run off every time it rains, and "bottom land" fields are the only ones my family have ploughed since about 1980, but even "bottom land" can still be built up and fertilized with organic mulch.

4. Don't support new construction projects near streams. Especially oppose mining, which adds pollution to the silt it displaces, and large "housing projects" that increase population density and local warming. True Greens already oppose "fracking" and nuclear experiments; hellbenders are just one more species that benefits when humans don't engage in these harmful activities.

5. If you inadvertently catch a hellbender while angling for bass or trawling for catfish, throw it back alive. Handle (or avoid handling) this animal carefully but without fear; it's no more dangerous than a fish of the same size.

Tuesday, September 3, 2024

Book Review with Dogs: The Dog Who Wooed at the World

Title: The Dog Who Wooed at the World

Author (primary): Laura Lee Cascada

Date: 2024

Publisher: Every Animal Project

Length: 317 pages

ISBN: 9798325940063

Illustrations: digital color photos

Quote: ""[W]hile I was out protesting circus cruelty, Powder was at home, protesting my absence."

Powder was a problem dog. (True story. All stories in this book are basically true, though some are imaginative--one writer put lyrics to a friendly robin's songs--and all are edited for length and clarity, no tangents about how the "pit-beagle" might also have been part this and that else and so on.) She was part pit bull, she had not had a good start in life, she did not do well in dog "school" or even at making friends with neighbor dogs at the dog park. Yet this seemed to make her a good therapy dog for a young person having her own problems with this complicated world.

Most of what we learn about animals from this book, we (probably) already knew. That's not a problem; we never mind re-learning that animal friends are delightful to know. This book may have something new to tell readers about the people who love animals. 

People who love animals form a wide spectrum. There are farmers who see most chickens as food, but recognize something about this chicken. There are people who work in modern, ethical zoos where animals are likely to live longer, and have more viable offspring, than is typical "in the wild," and people who believe that the existence of zoos is somehow immoral. There's a man who always liked fishing but suddenly stopped fishing when he suddenly felt empathy for a fish he'd caught. There are the "professional vegan" types who agonize over the plight of dogs living outside in clean yards in mild climates, who even manage to project love onto beetles. ..people who don't just observe an unusual beetle on the window screen, look it up, and blog about its place in the environment, but give it a name and talk to it. (Social isolation during the COVID panic gets the blame.)

I would actually agree that, although we'll never know what beetles feel, it's unscientific and a rather transparent emotional defense mechanism to claim that beetles can't feel. Probably they feel something; we just have no way to imagine what. 

But, even in extraordinary circumstances--the beetle one woman picked out of the spider's web was unable to fly, and it crawled into her home as if it could think that she might be willing to offer it food and water, so she did--should people devote their time, energy, and compassion to beetles? Isn't that taking time, energy, and compassion away from the person's relationships with other human beings?

I'd have to say that one thing this book documents is that, no, that's not the case. Some of the people whose animal stories are in this book do, as the editor does, mention mental illness, relationship problems, isolation by disabilities or diseases. Other stories mention ongoing, apparently healthy, relationships with other humans: friends, families, even careers in "human services" fields. While reading I was aware that some writers' social lives seem "immature," and yes, they mention being in their teens and twenties at the time. Other writers' social lives sound more mature and stable, sometimes even supporting them through physical illness. 

Working in markets where different people rented spaces, I've noticed a paradox. It is true that customers bring in only so much money to spend and, if they spend their money on one thing, that is money they're not spending on another thing. It can be very annoying when vendors who are not being paid for their time see someone come in and talk about buying several items, then wander on through the market and finally come back loaded with bags and buy one small item "because this is all the money I have left." People, especially the ones who live on handout checks and don't even want to have to admit making a profit, can be tempted to project their frustrations onto other vendors and start what the Bible calls "biting and devouring one another." "Don't buy their stuff, it's probably stolen, it's probably not any good!" And a few people who wanted to buy their stuff anyway will listen to them, and may even buy more of their merchandise--one day. And then what happens? A market where people sabotage one another has an unpleasant atmosphere. If A says B's merchandise is no good, customers think it's likely that the whole marketplace is not a good place to shop, and they take their money somewhere else. A hostile market is an unprofitable market. A market where vendors encourage each other, or even buy each other's stuff to cement alliances, gives off friendlier vibrations and attracts more customers. 

I suspect it's the same way with the energy humans invest in other species. People can and do let their relationships with animals become obstacles to some specific relationships with other humans. They have reasons for this. Powder, staying with Cascada through short-lived relationships, was the "therapy dog" who helped a young person come to terms with the amount of control of our lives we mortals do not have. Someone else takes time to notice birds or insects at the window while the person is bedfast or quarantined. Someone who lets a dog "chaperone dates," jumping up and down and yapping in between the person and a "date" on the couch, may be consciously aware that "I can't afford another intimate relationship while I'm paying child support." But most people whose love of animals is conspicuous to other humans--definitely most of us "cat ladies"!--actually relate to animals as part of a social life that includes about the amount and kind of inter-human relationships we want. 

My contribution to The Dog Who Wooed at the World mentions, but does not explain, the Cat Sanctuary. I don't go into much detail about it here, either. Because I try to avoid writing about living people other than myself, it may sound as if it's just me and the cats. There are hours when it really is just me and the cats, but actually the local Cat, Dog, and other animal sanctuaries are a social network beyond the friends and relatives of the individual (or couples of) animal rescuers. Empty-nesters are likely to have room for more animals, but some animal sanctuaries are operated by young working parents, too. 

Some other contributors to this book mention working, whether paid or not, with animal rescue and protection in some way. (Regrettably, none of them questions HSUS' tacit agenda of extinction for domestic animals.) Many don't mention their jobs or social lives at all, but several mention living with parents, spouses, and/or children. Some mention the animals as part of their relationships with family members they've lost. 

One contributor shares an experience that was among the better ones in my childhood too: when you live in the country and have time and space to do more or less anything, so people send all sorts of animals to you, just to see what you might be able to learn by nursing, perhaps healing, and training them. A brother brought two baby raccoons to her and announced that they were hers. Baby raccoons are adorable, though also a great nuisance to their whole neighborhood, so it's hardly surprising that she mentions crying real tears when park rangers explained that the raccoons were being transferred deep into the forest where they wouldn't see humans again.

A few contributors do mention living alone with an animal, like the parrot who accurately announces "the day when you are to die" and how the parrot will save the human. (Was the parrot speaking English, or a language in which the thoughts it utters would be easier for a parrot to say?) However, these stories, taken together, provide evidence that people who care about animals tend to care about other humans, also.

Do some animal lovers go to unjustified extremes, projecting their own emotional dramas onto animals that know nothing of what the humans imagine they must be feeling? Yes, I think so. I think this book shows some examples. Exotic fishes very often do die prematurely because their survival needs aren't adequately met or understood. Does that make it inherently inhumane to keep tropical fish? I think it's hard to justify the expense of keeping tropical fish, but do fish have enough consciousness that keeping them can really be considered humane or inhumane? Goldfish, the practice pets given to children, are among the few species of fish who seem able to remember or learn anything, yet their function is often to be underfed, overfed, or poisoned by things dropped into the bowl, and teach the children about death. One story in this book describes exotic fish who were dyed to match bridesmaids' dresses, as favors. Did the fish enjoy being dyed, or displayed in small jars? Probably not. Did they remember it the next day? If left in the lake, would they have been eaten by other fish? Who knows? Would the bridesmaids have preferred to receive more useful souvenirs--purses, or plates, or handkerchiefs or whatever--rather than live fishes? About that we can at least ask. I'd be surprised if any bridesmaid ever wanted an exotic dyed fish as a souvenir.

It would be good for our human characters if all our dealings with other animals were based on respect for whatever consciousness the animals seem to have. It's unlikely to happen. Should animal advocates sometimes get some perspective, and put more energy into activism on behalf of humans as well as animals? One of the stories in The Dog Who Wooed at the World is about how a dog, adopted because he was ill and seemed unadoptable, was kept alive for a few years but is now ineluctably dying, at the same time that his human, who was able to keep food down during a short visit to Japan, is now unable to keep food down back in the United States. I remember our dyspeptic kitten Traveller, how much better he looked during the week when an extravagant friend donated some top-priced kibble, how hard it was at the time to find human food that wasn't full of glyphosate, how outrageous it seemed to ask anyone to pay for overpriced kibble when chickweed and dandelions were about the only non-allium vegetables most people could afford for ourselves. If cheap grain-based kibble had been free from chemical sprays, would Traveller be alive today? How many animals', and humans', chronic conditions would be cured if we insisted on unsprayed, non-GMO food? 

Animal stories tend to be biographies rather than comedies. They're usually written after the animal has died, as memorials. These days they often end with confessions of how, after so many years of love and friendship, the human killed the animal. Humans who've opted for euthanasia find comfort in sharing these stories. Children don't like to read them. About the last third of The Dog Who Wooed at the World consists of stories about the ends of pets' lives. If there's a sequel I'd hope that more of the stories would at least focus on animals alive and well, with only brief mentions of the ends of their lives.

One cat, returned to a shelter at age fourteen because its "Daddy" is dying of cancer, appears as the narrator of its own story: "Though we were miles apart, I heard my Dad take his last breath as surely as if he'd been beside me. I curled into a ball and closed my eyes. One more deep breath, and my body shuddered. I was sitting on the arm of Dad's chair, and he was brushing my silky black fur." It could well be true. Animals have dying visions of happy reunions with friends, often with their human friends, just as we do. That they sometimes die not only calling but clinging to a friend who isn't dead yet, looking for all the world as if they are going to join that particular person in Heaven, does not necessarily prove that they may not join that person in Heaven some day. 

Whatever your favorite kind of animal is, there are not enough stories about it in this book. There is a manatee story. It's not much of a story; manatees are not the liveliest animals. There could have been another chicken story, you might think, or a story about a hawk or a skunk, or a horse, or a few more dogs and cats. I don't know anyone who's ever claimed that possums make very good pets, but I could have stood another story from someone who's learned to like a possum. The sight of the manatee--a rather ridiculous-looking animal, truth be known--convinced one writer that it's worth warning motorboat users to avoid manatee habitat, where motorboats often wound or kill the slow-moving, slow-witted manatees. A lot of us feel that way even without looking at a manatee's face. Whatever it takes, I suppose. There's more variety in stories of how living animals behave than there is in stories of animal euthanasia, in any case.

Beyond this ability, which non-participants find macabre, to take comfort from stories of other animals being euthanized, do animal lovers show other cognitive blind spots? Consider the one chicken story in this book. The humans had built a safe habitat for a few brown hens of their own. One day a smaller hen with black and white spots found her way to their house, and wanted to get into the safe habitat with the brown hens. The humans let her in, but the brown hens pecked her so mercilessly that the humans ended up building a special mini-pen for the hen who was "different" and was never going to be accepted by the others.

Are hens that mean? Some are. The question also arises whether humans exaggerate the brutality of chickens' pecking behavior. Basically, if they're not crowded, they rarely do each other any harm; if they are overcrowded, chickens can and will peck other chickens to death, and eat the bodies. The story is about how the humans devised a way to keep the speckled hen "not alone," but not among the other hens. 

Then, reflecting on this story, the writer thinks that she's like the speckled hen because her job in the medical care industry required her to deliver COVID messages from the government to her community. By now those official COVID messages are known as Lies My Government Told Me, which is the title of an actual book on the subject. New vaccines are always experimental. By denying the reality that the COVID vaccines were experimental and might do more harm than good, our bureaucracy laid itself wide open to charges of having lied with genocidal intentions, rather than merely hyped new products for experimental purposes (and/or for profit). Many people had the vaccines themselves, and recommended them to others, in good faith, and many who had the vaccines show no effects--good or bad. We now know that there were some bad batches of vaccine, and there were several people who should have been discouraged from having any vaccines at all, who were given a COVID jab and died the same day, and the whole scientific basis for at least one of the COVID vaccines was a badly flawed idea, and most people were far better off just building natural immunity to the virus, because it turns out that, if anything, being vaccinated against one strain may make people more susceptible to the new strain that's likely to be in their neighborhood by the time the vaccine arrives. 

This writer might have concluded, "Unlike the hen, who was pecked merely because she was an outsider, I'm finding myself unpopular because my job required me to help market a dangerous product. Unlike the hen, I have some apologies to make. I should give thanks that the COVID vaccines didn't turn out worse than they did, as might easily have been the case." No such luck. Her cognitive blind spots allow her to tell herself that, like the hen, she's being persecuted just because being paid made her a bit "different" from the people who weren't being paid to sell pro-vaccine propaganda. 

People who've had every vaccine that's come out are still down with COVID this summer. The writer is not to blame for this, nor is she to blame for not having had a premonition of it a few years ago. In view of how difficult it is for anyone who's done a job long enough to have "successful professional experience" to get any other kind of steady work after quitting, I'm inclined to forgive her for overlooking what everyone ought to know by now about new vaccines against virus. Still, she could at least admit that people who blame her behavior are not merely prejudiced against the color of her plumage. 

So...who doesn't have blind spots? Overall, what this book tells us about animal lovers is that they, or we, are a very diverse lot of mostly nice, kind, imperfect people whose social relationships with other humans are probably within the normal range for our life situations. We suspected as much. It's nice to read a book that confirms it.

The animals in this book are a delight to "meet," too. Which is why it's taken me so long to write the full-length review of this book. Manatees and, arguably, beetles apart, these animals are as individual and interesting as Mogwai was. Beetles don't have much personality, but the (two separate) humans who bond with them do. This is a book to savor.

Full disclosure: I received payment for my story, which appears about the middle of the book, and receive no further commissions on sales of copies. But you should absolutely buy this book, anyway, because Cascada pre-invested a lot of money in making fair payments to each of us deserving writers and because the Every Animal Project is not a big publisher with sales of textbooks or genre fiction to prop up investments in books like this one. Sales of this book determine whether there will be more books with, one can hope, a higher proportion of stories that aren't about how the animals died. Definitely buy a copy for everyone you know who has kept a pet alive until euthanasia seemed necessary, and is likely to find comfort in that kind of stories.

Now three dogs...As usual these are just the photo contest winners. They don't even predict which animal, if you were to meet all the animals in the shelter, you would consider the most appealing. These dogs have "special needs." Like Powder. They're not the photos people used to tweet with the suggested message, "Have you ever seen a more perfect [specimen of breed]?" but the fact that people are setting up Petfinder pages for them tells us that some experienced dog rescuers believe these dogs will be great pets for the right person. So let's share the photos and see if we can find the right person for...

Zipcode 10101: Gunnar from New York City 


Gunnar is a foster pet. Sometimes something about the Petfinder experience for foster pets just doesn't fit right. Foster pets are shelter animals being kept in private homes, outside the shelter; the organization running the shelter pays the food and vet bills because that's cheaper than paying for a bigger shelter building. It's also better for the animals. But, no points for guessing, sometimes the family who've agreed to help place the animal in a new home really don't want to part with it, and one way or another the animal stays with the foster family for years. I suspect Gunnar is likely to be one of those dogs. Do you really want to separate him from that child? This little terrier is described as fifteen pounds of perfect pet except that he will have to take anti-seizure medication all his life. You could work out an arrangement just to help the foster family pay for the meds, so they could keep him. 



As it might be this Chihuahua, who has to take heart medication. There seems to be some disagreement about whether to call him Midnight or Chico or Tiny Dancer. He's nine years old, but sometimes Chihuahuas live fifteen years or more, like cats. This one is recommended for a quiet, adults-only home--no chance of his bonding with a child.

Zipcode 20202: Snoop from Bowie 


Yes, HSUS. Apologies. Anyway, this three-legged beagle is said to get around pretty well with only a little trouble going downstairs, and enjoy running around the yard and chasing squirrels. He's recommended to families where the children are over age twelve, but said to get along well with everyone. 

Or, as an alternative to going to HSUS, consider Ginger from Arlington...


She has cataracts. Already she doesn't see well; she needs to be able to learn her way around a place before she's completely blind. She's not a young dog, either, but she is a cocker spaniel, bred to be a sweetie-pie. 

Zipcode 30303: Charlotte from Decatur 


Charlotte's special need is training and socialization. She's not well-behaved around other animals, though she is described as friendly and just a bit "mischievous" with humans. Basically she's just a big mutt that nobody bothered to train when she was little. She needs to be taught about sitting and staying and walking at heel. For someone who is strong enough to hold her and patient enough not to spoil her friendly dsposition, she might still be a great dog, though the shelter stafffdon't even have a guess what breeds her ancestors might have been. If you like smarty answers, Charlotte could furnish lots of opportunities for them.

"What kind of dog d'you call that?"

"An excellent dog."

For someone who is patient, but not necessarily all that patient, an alternative might be Daisy, also from Decatur. 


Daisy is deaf. She's not very energetic; needs lots of short leisurely walks throughout the day, will romp and wrestle for a few minutes a couple of times a day, mostly likes to hang out with people. She has done reasonably well adjusting to a foster home with other animals, but they think she'd be just as happy to be someone's only pet. She gets scared and wants to leave dog parks, and she can get overexcited and do what her current caretakers call nibbling on people. This is friendly puppy nibbling, like kissing only with lots of little sharp teeth. When terriers bite people, it's serious. Daisy is not known ever to have bitten anyone but, like a puppy or kitten, she does encourage people to tickle her and then chomp on their hands in an affectionate, though occasionally painful, sort of way. She just might be a good therapy dog for someone who wants to practice slowing down, mellowing out, and remaining calm. Her favorite things, once her need for short leisurely walks (about every three hours) has been met, are said to be playing hide-and-seek and snuggling up beside people. 

Wednesday, September 13, 2023

Book Review: Queen of Shaba

Title: Queen of Shaba

Author: Joy Adamson

Date: 1980

Publisher: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich

ISBN: 0-15-175651-1

Length: 180 pages

Illustrations: several photo inserts, one section in color

Quote: “[T]he behavior of leopards in captivity...has caused them to be regarded as very dangerous animals.”

Some animals are better known than their humans. Quick quiz: who were the humans associated with Lassie, Smokey, Misty, Morris, Barbaro? Elsa, the lion in Born Free, was one of these animals, and Joy Adamson was her human.

Adamson was interested in the other large felines too, and wanted the experience of living with a leopard on the same terms she lived with Elsa. Obviously this would have to be a young, orphaned animal, and it took some years for Adamson to find Penny, a cub who had been living with park rangers in Kenya for one of the two or three months since her birth. Penny accepted Adamson as a foster mother and various young men who worked at Shaba, the wildlife preserve, as friends.

As a kitten Penny posed and acted like a very large house cat...although, as Adamson discusses in detail, her playful-kitten moods could be dangerous. Sometimes she was cuddly. As her face develops more of an adolescent-cat look, Adamson says, the pictures show less cuddling. Penny wanted to practice her hunting skills in play, and her “jumping moods” reminded the humans that she was a leopard.

Over several months, Penny developed the skills to trek around Shaba by herself, find a mate, and raise cute little spotted cubs of her own. Her relationship with Joy Adamson became confused. Most animal mothers will chase even the fathers of their young, not to mention their friends, away from the den or nest. Adamson and her co-workers wanted pictures of Penny’s cubs. Penny chased one of the men away, then moved the cubs to a den that was not accessible to humans. She still recognized her human friends and seemed affectionate as long as the humans stayed away from her babies.

During this time, Adamson became ill and had to spend a few days in a hospital. When she came back to Shaba, Penny “approached, but stopped in front of me. When I talked reassuringly to her she calmed down, though not before she had made one jump at me.”

Adamson here raises the question of how well animals understand that humans change clothes, and how their understanding may reflect the way they perceive the world. Scent-dominant animals like dogs recognize their humans in whatever we wear. Hearing-dominant animals, like most house cats, may be taken aback when we put on different clothes, but recognize our voices. Sight-dominant animals, like some domestic fowl, may see us as a completely different type of animal when we change clothes; hence the jokes about the hens who panic when the human who’s fed them all their lives approaches the henyard in his Sunday clothes. When Adamson came back from the hospital, she looked different (wearing a dress) and smelled different (the clinging odor of disinfectant); it’s not surprising that Penny thought this alien might be dangerous, but it does reflect well on Penny’s intelligence that she recognized a familiar voice in spite of an unfamiliar shape and smell.

I would suggest to those who want to bond with a wild or feral animal that giving the animal a chance to see you put on and take off clothes may help. Let them see all the different surfaces and silhouettes you normally display outside the house. They don’t need to learn about underwear but they do need to learn that your shape and color may vary. Dogs seem to know this, because they’re so scent-dominant; many animals don’t. Horses, who are often trained to treat all humans alike, and hens, who are seldom expected to know one human from another, can be genuinely confused by their humans’ many guises.

This is one animal story that doesn't end with the animal's life. Instead, it ends with the human's life; it was published posthumously by Adamson's family.

Monday, February 13, 2023

Book Review: The Cats of Roxville Station

Title: The Cats of Roxville Station

Author: Jean Craighead George

Author’s web site: http://www.jeancraigheadgeorge.com/

Publisher: Dutton 

Date: 2009

ISBN: 978-0525421405

Number of pages: 192

Illustrations: drawings by Tom Pohrt

Jean Craighead George was probably our most prolific living nature writer. Best known for My Side of the Mountain and Julie of the Wolves, she wrote dozens of other books that dramatized facts about animals, conservation, wildlife, and the environment. 

The Cats of Roxville Station presents facts about feral cats through the story of a cat called Rachet and the human she eventually adopts, Mike. Two years of feral life have left Rachet friendly but wary toward humans, which makes her a perfect pet for Mike, whose family don't want an indoor pet. 

Apart from the gradual bonding between cat and child, the rest of the story simply narrates known facts about how typical feral cats live. There's a sort of social life, although the cat characters in this book are not social cats--there's no hint of team hunting or shared parenting. There are some similarities betwene the cat society in The Cats of Roxville Station and the wolf society in Julie of the Wolves, but only insofar as general patterns of animal social behavior hold true for both species (and in subtler ways for humans).

Young readers learn that feral cats fight, but mostly their fights consist of yowling at each other, bluffing. Feral cats seldom do each other much damage; they can make each other more vulnerable to predators and infection while inflicting only skin wounds. Feral cats are not looking for homes to share with humans, but most will gradually become friendly if approached in a non-demanding way. And, of course, feral cats live mostly on mice, crickets, crayfish, and similar small animals they can easily catch, rather than on birds.

Occasionally one of the Cats of Roxville Station does kill a bird, as happens in real life. The rest of that story isn't told in the book. When does a landbound predator kill an animal that can fly? Usually, when the winged animal is sick enough that killing it is an act of mercy. 

There are some noteworthy exceptions. Tiny baby birds can't fly for the first two or three weeks of life, and cats can easily destroy the family that may be a neighborhood's whole local grouse population, so it's good to try to keep cats away from those species when you know they're nesting. On remote South Sea islands, including the big islands known as Australia, New Zealand, and Hawaii, some bird species evolved without developing an instinct to avoid landbound predators; those species are now seriously endangered by rats even without cats being tempted to chase them too. No native North American bird species is endangered primarily by cats, but a few are gravely endangered enough to need protection even from cats and dogs in a few places. (And pity those places; like otherwise gorgeous Prince Georges County, Maryland, they're in for serious rat problems, and I'm not altogether sure that Bachman's Wretched Warbler ever even existed, as a separate species.) Then there are the birds with whom some human has bonded--it can happen instantly, as when the first green heron you've ever met draws its little self up and "croaks" at you--and neighbors who want other neighbors to be careful not to drive over their cats need to be equally careful that the cats don't hurt the "pet" wrens somebody wants to allow to nest on the front porch.  

But generally, when cats are able to kill birds, there's no danger of species extinction but immediate danger that the cats will be sick. If the bird was being eaten alive by gape worms or was killed by exposure during a sudden deep freeze, the cat will probably be all right, though cats can still pick up minor virus infections from birds. If the sick bird was dying slowly of aspergillosis, a fungus infection that's become much more common among birds exposed to glyphosate, the cat will probably vomit a few times and feel better after a few hours of self-punishment, but some cats are vulnerable to this disease too and may die. If the bird ate something poisoned, you'd have to know what the poison was to have any idea whether the cat will recover or die. 

Humans need prowling cats for our own protection from diseases that are deadly to us, probably more than we need any specific species of songbird, so there's a temptation to say that we should shout down any whines about cats' danger to birds and focus on the danger birds present to cats. However, in prairie country, where there were few trees and most of the resident bird species had to evolve ground-nesting or burrow-nesting habits, keeping a cat indoors might make sense--some bird or other might be nesting nearby throughout the warm season, and the cat probably prefers to stay indoors in winter. In the Eastern States, where nearly all birds nest high in trees, there's almost no excuse for any interference with a cat's performance of its duty. At most we might want to humor the neighbor who wants to watch the wrens raise their family, during the month or so it takes small birds to raise families.

I was glad when George wrote this book. While my brother unconditionally loved all the books she was writing while we were growing up, I was prejudiced against them because of her claim in an early 1970s book that "cats killed Cock Robin." In the early 1970s, when bird populations were decimated by abuse of DDT, anything that killed any bird--even euthanized an obviously sick bird--was a threat to the species. This is no longer true, so I'm glad George came forward to admit that cats are no longer a threat to bird populations.

One detail she may have overstated was the claim that, when cats "torture" injured mice, the mice are anesthetized by their own adrenalin and endorphin, and feel fear but not pain. It's true that mice can show the same "fight or flight" reaction that allows humans to feel only a small aprt of the pain from an injury during an adrenalin "high." If you have ever finished a game, hike, or job after an injury, you know that the "high" blocks only some awareness of pain. I have seen bleeding, dying rodents stand up and squeak defiantly at cats rather than trying to flee, but there's no guarantee; not all rodents always want to keep fighting cats, and those who do may have additional motives such as keeping cats away from their nests.

The good news for those concerned about rodents and bunnies is that cats "torture" prey animals when (1) they have an audience or (2) they're not able to kill their prey and eat it quickly, so cats are still to blame for relatively little suffering.

The good news for all wildlife lovers is that outdoor cats have their place in a human-friendly natural environment. Sensible environmentalists knew this for years before 2009, but it was nice to see a book about it...and George did wildlife books so well, with light, plausible human characters and well researched, convincing animals. I don't know for a fact, but could believe, that she'd lived with every animal species she wrote about.

Tuesday, October 1, 2019

Tortie Tuesday: Samantha and the Bad Neighbor

From the human's point of view: There is a house in my neighborhood that is starting to get a bad reputation. From the 1920s to the early 1970s, it belonged to an old couple who eventually retired to a bigger house (that used to be the ideal). Ever since they rented that house to someone who was in the divorce process, it's been the home of couples who divorced and ended up selling the house.

So on Saturday afternoon, probably still suffering from cognitive impairment from the last round of glyphosate poisoning, this divorcee who's trying to sell the house went out and poisoned his yard to get that Astroturf look. Somebody must have told him that that scorched-earth look will help the house sell.

Hah. If house buyers know what's good for them, they will look for "weeds." If I were buying a house, I'd look for clover. I'd look for dandelions. I'd look for everything but Bermuda grass, which people use glyphosate to protect even though it's a useless, ugly, invasive nuisance that looks like a poor imitation of a plastic mat at its "best," and Johnson grass, kudzu, and Spanish Needles, which people may hope glyphosate will kill but which it actually encourages. In fact, any Spanish Needles, or any browned-out, prematurely dead-looking tall "weeds" like goldenrod, would lower any offer I'd make. Say, if land normally sells for $1000 an acre, glyphosate-sprayed land might be worth $10 an acre...if someone wanted to be charitable to a poor fool who should never have been allowed to own land at all.

September was a very dry month. Everyone suffered their usual reactions to glyphosate spraying earlier in the month, aggravated by reactions to dicamba spraying, which some people hoped would be a less harmful alternative. Dicamba is known to be more toxic in the long run, and makes people cough, but in combination with glyphosate vapors dicamba seems to aggravate whichever of the fifteen or so types of reaction people have to glyphosate. Those of us who've identified the cause of our now chronic symptoms--and no, it's not age, because some of us are children--looked forward to heavy rain as the usual "edge of the hurricane." We got, for a change, sultry weather, with high levels of humidity and occasional micro-mini-"showers," and no real rain all month long. Reactions subsided slowly; the poisons began to break down in the air, but they had time to soak into things.

From the "tortoiseshell" cat's point of view, for Tortie Tuesday...


The humans seem surprised that my four grandkittens are dead. Why? I've known that for weeks, just by sniffing at my daughter Serena. Yes, of course she's still nursing kittens. Why not? Healthy cats enjoy nursing kittens, and Silver and Swimmer are still kittens! But the four new ones died long ago, when the nasty smell was in the air.

That was a loss, but as the human said, the Cat Sanctuary has seen a lot of late summer kittens come and go. Often they've come up here because their mothers died, and old Heather and her relatives would always try to adopt motherless kittens...although Heather herself never had much milk to give them, and couldn't keep her own kittens alive without her sisters' help. Only once, only two of one litter lived through the winter--the second litter poor little Patchnose weaned just before she died--and they were sickly kittens who grew up to be defective cats. Otherwise, we may feed them and groom them, but it seems that that's just postponing the inevitable. Nasty smells blow in on the air and the ones who hadn't already been sick just go out like lights.

Of course I like nursing kittens too. I induced lactation to help rear Silver and Swimmer. I'd do it again, but frankly I wasn't really counting on it. I knew Serena's second litter were undersized at best.

Serena didn't whine. She's a Queen. She's still rearing and teaching her two daughters, protecting me, and looking after those poor helpless humans who can't even catch a fieldmouse for themselves. Or smell things that are as plain as, well, the noses on their faces, apparently. How can such big noses be so useless to their owners?

Just to show how numb human noses are...As our readers know, we keep possums around to get rid of nasty stuff. Our paws weren't built to bury things deep enough to keep nasty smells from spoiling the air around our homes. Our wild relatives cope with that by freshening things with their own individual scents, then travelling around widely enough that the mix doesn't become overpowering. We have learned to exploit the natural tendencies of other species, such as humans, who bury things deeper, and possums, who simply eat them and magically transform them into almost odorless compost, to deal with all kinds of waste material we cats must unavoidably leave behind us.

When that nasty smell blew in, just before the pawpaws, persimmons, and apples started growing off the ends of the trees, the humans were hoping rain would keep the toxic chemicals from soaking into the fruit. Poor humans! I can't imagine why anybody would want to eat fruit, anyway, but they do.

Possums will eat a little of whatever we cats eat. Mostly they eat what we don't. They love fruit. They climb up trees to get at soft, squishy fruits like peaches and persimmons before the humans do. They use their short legs and long scaly tails to hold onto the trees but they can't actually swing upside down by their tails--not without falling off a branch, anyway.

Present Possum ate some persimmons and died. We cats knew at once. The humans didn't seem to. They looked at the sand pit and said, "Looks as if our Prezzie's eating up all the persimmons." They scooped out stuff and burned it in the trash barrel.

Phil O. Possum from up the road didn't know right away. Possums are only dumb animals, not as intelligent as cats or even humans; they don't hunt together, or spend much time together, but they do visit each other once in a while. Phil hadn't seen Prez for a while so he came looking for her. He got quite close to the body, but in his case his not noticing the odor was understandable. He was bringing her a pawpaw. Of course, being a possum, he could hardly carry a big pawpaw fruit any distance in his long, pointed mouth without dropping it. The greater part of the fruit would break off the part between his teeth, and he'd eat what was in his mouth, then pick up the fruit again and carry it until it fell apart again. But he carried it for several yards, and how he could even see with the sweet, heavy scent of pawpaw in his face, I can't imagine. He brought more than half the pawpaw all the way from the foot of the tree into our not-a-lawn.

Then he set it down, and he knew. Well, he knew that the job of cleaning up our waste material was now his if he'd have it. We encouraged him to take it. There was just one nasty smell he refused to do anything about, and you would have thought even a human would have noticed it by that time, but they didn't.

The days the humans call the weekend were especially sultry for the time of year. The last three days of September were hotter than most of the days in July and August, was what they said.

The old human up the road went back into town to stay indoors. He said he was too "old" to work in such hot weather. He had worked in hotter weather on days when those two horrible smells weren't so strong.

One of the humans down the road, who is smaller and younger than ours, but fatter, told our human, "I am close to having another 'mental breakdown'."

"What does that mean? Does she turn against cats?" I was wary. I worry less than I used to, knowing that Burr, Serena, and my human are all on my side, but I know some humans can become vicious.

"Oh, no, there's not a violent bone in that girl's body," our human said. "That smell we smelled on Saturday is 'Roundup,' which contains glyphosate. When that girl smells that smell, her thyroid gland falters. A weak thyroid gland usually just makes people sleepy. If it's really bad, they can get stuck in between sleeping and waking. They don't do much of anything. They're likely to sit down or lie down, where they are, and try to go to sleep. They just don't understand what's going on, and since people who have thyroid-related 'mental breakdowns' are usually very calm, sensible, businesslike people who don't waste much mental energy on emotion or imagination, when they start talking nonsense it's very noticeable and disturbing to other humans. Especially little children, like that one's."

Then at last the wind blew a wave of unbearable awfulness toward us, such that even the human said, "What is that horrible smell?" and went to look. It was, of course, our poor little Present Possum, or what was left of her, which wasn't much. Heat, humidity, and flies had been working fast to compost our composter.

I am not making this up. All the flesh on the top side of Present Possum was gone before any human even noticed she'd died. They are big, strong, useful pets to have, and very clever in their own way, but sometimes you have to wonder--however much you may like humans, and I am fond of mine--how it's possible for anything to be so thick and live.

"Possums never live very long," my human said sadly. "Their unique place in the ecology exposes them to a lot of microbes. Their unique metabolism makes them immune to almost all the microbes that make other animals sick, even unable to carry those microbes very far, but it undoubtedly makes them vulnerable to other diseases that only possums can get."

"Especially after they've smelled that 'Roundup' smell that makes so many living things sick," I observed. "It wasn't in the peaches and summer apples you ate. It was in the pawpaws and persimmons you ate yesterday. Prez ate some of those, and also a sparrow that I caught but didn't eat--too nasty."

"That fool down the road!" my human growled. "We need laws that punish people like that for 'Reckless Endangerment' of their neighbors, human and otherwise. The penalty should be that they have to move into 'housing projects' in cities for the rest of their lives, and their poisoned land is sold to their neighbors for a dollar an acre, just to make sure that fools who like the look of a poisoned lawn can't move in."

Actually, quite a lot of other living creatures think humans are just too thick to live. Serena and I are fond of ours but I must admit, even in our immediate family, that's a minority opinion. In some species, even moderate positions like Burr's and my granddaughters' ("Take the food they leave lying about, when they're not looking, and otherwise avoid them") are minority opinions.