Monday, July 31, 2023

Web Log Weekender 7.28.23 to 7.30.23

The Summer-of-Savage-Inequality weather has finally broken. Westerners reported some rain and cooling temperatures this week, and on Friday Kingsport hit Code Red with an official temperature (in the shade, near the river) of 96 degrees Fahrenheit. That means 88 degrees at the Cat Sanctuary (I checked) and well over 100 downtown. I thought I was going to have to turn off the laptop--it did slow down in that melodramatic way laptops do before they start to smell scorched--but just slowing down activity gave it a chance to recover, and work proceeded.

Then I went offline. Then Saturday's storms rolled in. The neighborhood was very dark on Saturday night and, despite complaints of decreasing health, the Professional Bad Neighbor sneaked in carrying one of those oldfashioned big round buckets of poison spray. Left tracks. Did relatively little harm, because heavy rain washed the poison right down to Tennessee. His family really need to set someone to watch him at night; that stunt was well below his standard, and suggests dementia. Electricity was restored around 2:30 on Sunday.

Birds 

The Roads End Naturalists drive out to the Atlantic coast and see, among other things, little Green Herons in their nest. 


And others, including storks. 


Butterflies 

The East Sussex Wanderer has quite a collection. Note that some British butterflies are found only on that side of the Atlantic, some on both sides...and one of his is a look-alike, but not quite the same as one of ours. The Admirals are interesting butterflies. This web site should get to them in another year or two. 


Censorship 

CHD sent out a batch of news stories. Some of these links are direct translations of others; some are fresh, as they were written from breaking news.






Christian 

It's a fair question. The article linked below tells how a couple bought a house with the intention of making it a spiritual retreat for other Christians, then turned the house over to other people for use as a retreat and found another house in which to bring up children. The couple were greatly impressed by the statement that the apostolic church "had all things in common." A commenter then asks why we don't hear more of what he imagines as a very conspicuous movement to communal living!

My take: The Bible does not define "having all things in common" as meaning that all of the early Christians lived in one commune. In fact, it tells us that they did not do that. Their own homes, if they owned homes, were not liquidated to add to the communal poor fund. Rather, those who had room to spare took in either temporary or permanent guests, and those who had none stayed in their own homes and gave thanks that they didn't have to add to others' burden. Rental property, jewelry, the boxes of coins people actually hoarded in those days, were sold. Things people used every day were kept and used in the service of the faith, shared, not sold.

Communalism works when it occurs voluntarily, spontaneously, among people who are dedicated to a common goal. People like that don't engage in "social loafing." Each of them wants to reach the goal, so all give "according to their ability." When Paul joined the Christians, he had tentmaking experience so he worked with, and may have lived with, the tentmakers in the group. Later, as people came to trust and welcome him in other churches, Paul felt that he "robbed other churches, taking wages from them" to help newer or more burdened churches. My guess would be that in every town he visited his first questions included "Who are the tentmakers? Do they need extra hands?" If they didn't, he might have volunteered unskilled labor on fishing, harvesting, or building crews. His model was not "Paul's contribution = Aquila's (or whoever's) contribution," but "Paul's contribution + Aquila's contribution = more for the cause." The reason why communism doesn't work as an economic model for nations is that even people who feel that God has called and empowered them to give that much to a cause, this year, will not necessarily be either so called or so empowered next year. That it works for small groups of people dedicated to a cause is enough of a miracle. 


Computer Tip 

Computers really do run cooler in hot weather if you can discipline yourself to work with only one or two windows/tabs at a time. I can't, I often have more than 100 tabs open while writing one butterfly story, but I have confirmed that laptops would work better for me if I could work in one window wth one tab open at a time..

Poems 

Adam Sedia takes a bash at censorship:

Butterfly of the Week: Great Windmill, Atrophaneura (Byasa, Papilio) Dasarada

(No, this is not this week's butterfly. A Googlitch somehow pulled this post down after it was published in March, and now the system wants to show it as today's post. Today's post is about a moth. There'll be one about a new butterfly later in the week.)

This week's (in March) butterfly is one of a large group of subtropical and tropical Asian butterflies whose fore and hind wings, as spread out in a museum's display case, form an x shape. Their nickname is "windmills," With a wingspan of typically 4 inches, up to 6 inches, dasarada is one of the larger species, so it's often called the Great Windmill. 

Its scientific name has been changed twice. At first naturalists thought that a swallowtail is a swallowtail, and classified all of tem in the genus Papilio. Then they split the dark-winged, red-bodied Asian group off into the genus Atrophaneura, and recently they subdivided Atrophaneura into a few more new genera, such as Byasa. For all of these genera, more information is likely to be available when you look up Atrophaneura, but newer information is found when you look up a new genus name like Byasa

The name dasarada sounds like words and names in several Indian languages, and the butterfly is most often found in India. (Sub-species are found in Thailand, China, and other countries.). Because the dark wings looked funereal to early naturalists, and they had already established a tradition of naming Swallowtails after characters in ancient myths and legends, they formed a tradition of naming the Atrophaneura group after figures associated with death. "Dasarada" may identify this butterfly with King Dasaratha, who, according to some sources, married sixty thousand wives (presumably in a symbolic way). According to the story Dasaratha lived and had children with only three wives. One of those children was Rama, who was said to be a mortal incarnation of a Hindu god. The heroic feats Rama undertook to rescue his bride, who had been kidnapped, were seen as symbolic of virtue itself. Dasaratha was remembered as a tragic character; he let envious people persuade him to banish Rama from the palace, and he was very sorry. He and his household were often chosen as subjects when artists wanted to create imaes of sorrow. Dasaratha's punishment was that he had no chance to be reconciled with Rama before he died, so he was associated with a funeral--his own--and thus would have seemed to fit into the naming tradition for this group of species.

If this butterfly reminded anyone of a funeral, it must have been an ancient king's. Though dark, it looks positively gaudy.


Photo donated to Wikipedia By Balakrishnan Valappil - Byasa dasarada (GREAT WINDMILL)_2012_10_11_10_10_57_kamlang, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=67293755 .

The species as a whole is neither rare nor endangered, but some recognized sub-species are rare and may be endangered.


Photo donated to Pinterest by projectnoah.org.  These two are probably drinking buddies (drinking water from wet sand) rather than a couple, but male and female dasarada look pretty much alike. 

All the Atrophaneura group feed on plants that are somewhat toxic to humans; dasarada eats Aristolochia griffini. They get their vivid "warning" colors from toxins found in the plant. They're toxic only if swallowed, but they're among a very few butterflies who retain the ability some Swallowtail caterpillars have to emit an odor if disturbed. People who have traditionally agreed that they look beautiful also agree that they small nasty if you get too close.


Unlike the colorful northern swallowtails, in the /Atrophaneura group even the males are pollinators rather than composters. They live in woods and are often photographed pollinating flowers high in trees.



Photo donated to inaturalist.org by J.M. Gang.

Though they are definitely butterflies rather than moths, some of the big butterflies share features with the big moths. The inner edges of Byasa hindwings are furry, and the pupa can squeak if disturbed. 

In its final instar the caterpillar develops an osmeterium, the "stinking horns" or "forked tongue" some American swallowtails and push out of their humped backs to confuse bothersome birds. All caterpillars survive by looking repulsive and dasarada caterpillas apparently do this so well that nobody wants to photograph them. The mature caterpillar about to pupate is described as gray with black lines and reddish warts. The osmeterium is orange. \




Book Review: Continuous and Embedded Learning for Organizations

When I wrote this review I suppressed it as not being encouraging to the authors. Jon Quigley said he wanted to see it, though...so today I dug back through the archives and found it. You can buy it from my Bookshop--why not?

Title: Continuous and Embedded Learning for Organizations 


Authors: Jon and Shawn Quigley

Date: 2020

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

ISBN: 978-0-367-18387-5

Length: 295 pages

Quote: "Modern work is now taking on a new flavor in many organizations, often described as a lean or agile approach to the work, that stresses learning throughout the project and product development effort. Software has been moving toward an approach that is often referred to as agile, with one version of that being scrum."

What does that mean in plain English? As best I can tell, after reading this book, it means that the state of many corporate offices is approaching Chaos Mode. The goal seems to be that constantly forcing people to learn things that will be useless even on their jobs next month, as in Google "phone updates," will distract their attention from ever-increasing expectations that they'll make bricks without straw, and accept the "wages" of not being whipped, without noticing. 

What the Quigleys mean by "lean and agile" is not, of course, "Then the huge corporation declared itself unmanageable and spontaneously fissioned, restoring complete independence for each of its brands and products and also for each town in which it had an office or an outlet. The boss got back to actually working  on the product that had made the company great--yes, that's right, Bill Gates stopped trying to be God and went back to simply making Microsoft the beautiful, elegant, user-friendly,  interwoven software system it used to be. Then the land had rest, the economy recovered, Tinkerbell came back to life, and, for an encore, one of the Presley grandchildren started singing exactly like Elvis. Meanwhile, the workers were happy because they had fewer tiers of management to worry about and more chance to impress their one and only boss by just doing good work without having to worry about office politics, either, and everyone lived happily ever after."

However, what they do mean is seldom made clear, because this book is written in Academic Regalian. The Quigleys are trying so hard to show how well they use the "technical vocabulary" of Business Studies that they usually avoid explaining what they mean in terms of any actual office's actual practices. So, as far as most readers, including Business Studies students and probably three-fifths of their teachers, are concerned, this book is just one big waffle: page after page of words that buzz in a trendy way, whatever you do with them. This is a book of theory. Organizations have to define for themselves what, if anything, most of the sentences in this book are going to mean.

My generation optimized a lot of parameters in our day so it is sort of interesting to learn what the young are doing in Business Studies courses now. Well, they assess--not anything in particular; they merely assess, in a vacuum, on page 1. They establish mechanisms--not to do anything in particular, but "as to why it is important" (with "it" appearing to refer to "the items"). It's always fun to try to visualize how people are doing the trendy things they do in corporate offices. I remember telling an older acquaintance I was doing data entry that week and having him exclaim, "So you stand in front of the door and wave to the data, 'Enter!' or 'To the right' or maybe 'Don't enter; go away'?" What I did was type a lot of numbers onto a computer screen, and the older acquaintance provided much-needed comic relief, which I suppose is what I'm trying to do for Business Studies students in trying to picture how a mechanism would work "as to why" anything. 

Here is a tip for Business Studies majors: If a corporation is going to pay you for studying this kind of thing, it's paying your tuition. Do not take out a bank loan to read it. 

As Business Studies books go, however, this one is good because it gives readers fair warning: If you pursue a degree in any form of Business Studies, or a job that requires one, in today's world you are likely to be expected to go on reading this kind of material. Year after year. It is not too late to change to Veterinary Medicine or Electrical Engineering. 

Or, if you've already been chosen for a corporate "leadership" position, you can sit through a course in this kind of material every year or two (overcaffeination may help) and get paid for repeating it to shareholders and middle managers. Figuring out what it means will be the middle managers' job. It will probably involve more actual work than optimizing parameters, which basically meant being young and cute, trying to seem clever and energetic when anyone else was in your cubicle, and doing all your errands and social life from the cubicle when alone in it. 

Well, when I was young, I remember optimizing my parameters by learning all those different software systems that were on the market, and as many as possible of the dedicated computers, too. Offices might have invested in one device, the smallest of which were more than a foot square, say a Wang or a Lanier or a Qyx; it never took long to learn all the tricks they could do and how to make them do their tricks. Or they might have ventured into owning an IBM PC or an Apple ("Mac"). You could tell the difference because Apples had a scrollwork design key in the place where the Windows key on your laptop probably is now, and PC's did't. This required all the commands to be completely different, e.g., on a Mac you had to press the scrollwork design and a letter together, whereas on a PC you miht have to press some combination of CTRL, SHIFT, and ALT and the letter. In my twenties I advertised that I needed one day to learn to use the whole program and one week to learn to teach it.

While this kind of knowledge (and mental agility!) .was useful as a way to offset the social consequences of not having reached our full adult sizes yet (some of us were still in college, I'd dropped out without graduating myself, and on one Defense Department job I'm positive my supervisor's voice was still changing), all good things come to an end. There are some things we need to learn and unlearn as we go through life, like changes of address, appointment dates, bus schedules, the names and ages and terms of kinship for your living relatives...your own age. At a forum frequented by baby-boomers I learned that quite a few of us at least claimed, in efforts to cheer up an e-friend, a tendency to forget exactly how old we are. We remember when we were born and calculate from there but, since we no longer go about proudly announcing "I'm fifty-three!" or "I'm sixty-nine!", our immediate reaction to the question how old we are is "Sixty...er um...I was born in 1960 so I'll be sixty-three in...er um...May." 

The number of dats, or memes, or bytes, or whatever you want to call tidbits of this kind of important trivia, that we can remember is finite. By age 25 most of us have figured out that we can remember a recently learned item like "The Wang uses 'execute' for most of the same functions for which the PC uses 'enter'," or one like "I've moved to Bethesda so I now take the J2 bus from Bethesda station, not the F6 from Silver Spring," but probably not both. We're happy when we learn new skills on a job. We're not at all happy when the job uses up more than its fair share of our available memory for new trivia.

The Quigleys discuss ways to manage offices that use up people's memory for new trivia. In an appendix they outline several different psychological theories of human motivation. They can't claim that any of those theories has provided a way to make it worth people's time to keep up with ever-changing trivia but they do explain, with examples, how you too can learn to rationalize tweaking trivia in a way that may impress or even persuade some people. 

Obviously I don't like this kind of book, nor do I like the kind of business it serves...but Continuous and Embedded Learning for Organizations is the sort of book it will be valuable to own, and cite, if you work in that kind of business. 

I'm tempted to give it four stars...three for being a representative sample of its genre, and one for explaining something that used to be too often left out of explanations of Abraham Maslow's "needs pyramid." Maslow described human motivation in terms of "emotional needs" for all sorts of things beyond survival. He believed people first meet their survival needs and then go on to focus on, in order, meeting their needs for security, social status, self-esteem, and finally self-actualization. Some Christians used to criticize this simple explanation of Maslow's thought because the saints and martyrs obviously put service to God ahead of all of those things, even ahead of survival. A clearer understanding of Maslow's writings is that he did recognize that people can value "service to God" or "doing the right thing," which he classified as self-actualization even though they take the focus off the self, above security or social status or even survival. His way of explaining this was that, while the lower-level "needs" are met first, people who achieve self-actualization need less on the lower levels in order to act on the higher levels of emotional "needs." It's always good, if people are going to discuss Maslow at all, that they begin without wasting time objecting to an error Maslow never made.

But I think this really is a three-star book, about a two-star approach to business practices that's based on Total Quality Management and may, like TQM, be fairly described as a strategy for destroying integrity, efficiency, or sustainability in the workplace. 

A useful word that's not used in this book is "flux." Flux refers to a state of continuous or excessive change and movement. Medicine teaches us that, although some organisms can survive prolonged states of dormancy, if a living thing never moves or changes it eventually dies. If, on the other hand, some part of an organism--typically the intestines--remain in a prolonged state of flux, the living thing dies even sooner than it would die of inactivity. Living creatures can recover quickly from the physical symptom called flux or diarrhea, and businesses can recover quickly from a period of embracing "change for its own sake," but recovery begins with stopping the flux and the living creature or the business would be better off if they'd avoided the flux from the beginning. 

Hemileuca Annulata: Subspecies or Separate Genus?

The first four moth stories have been funded! Send $5 for each subsequent post about a moth in the genus Hemileuca


Caterpillars are sneaky, deceptive, confusing animals.  Most are small, and try to look like twigs or leaves. Some are too big to hide, and parade around trying to look like snakes or lizards, or just advertising to birds how unpleasant they'd be to eat, with knobs and bristles of extra skin, prickly or choking-thick hair, and color schemes that advertise to birds that the caterpillar ate some kind of leaf that tastes nasty or is poisonous to birds. Then there are the ones who try to be mistaken for the toxic ones; they'd be more digestible, or less indigestible, but they benefit when birds do not realize this. 


The moth genera Hemileuca and Automeris are among the most confusing. These are fairly large moths, in the silk moth family/ Caterpillars usually grow about two inches long, sometimes a little longer. While many kinds of caterpillars display bristling spines that look hard for birds to swallow, and often are, most of these bristles are harmless hairlike structures. Some of the bigger silk moth caterpillars have harmless bristles that mimic those of Hemileuca and Automeris caterpillars, because, though these genera are smaller, their bristles have sharp points and contain venom. The venom causes allergy-type reactions in humans. Usually the reactions consist of harmless skin irritation, but, like bee stings, they could put a particularly sensitive person in the hospital. There are survival advantages for many harmless species in looking like the Hemileuca and Automeris caterpillars, which are also nicknamed stingingworms, asps, or pugs. And the Hemileuca and Automeris moths themselves have a wide variety of looks. The caterpillars live in clumps when they're little, and different looks are observed within a single clump. 


This one is annulata, too. The range of variations is so wide that scientists disagree whether one type of moth in this group, which some call Hemileuca annulata, is a subspecies of Hemileuca eglanterina or actually belongs in the Automeris genus. Seriously. It can look so similar to another Hemileuca moth that it doesn't need to be classified as a separate species, or so different that it seems to belong in a whole separate genus? Now that's confusing.

As a result of this confusion, while there's no shortage of photos of "Western Sheep Moths," there is reluctance to identify them positively as annulata


The species name consistently given to these moths, annulata, simply means "ringed." It has been given to several kinds of plants and animals. Hemileuca annulata, or H. eglanterina annulata, or Automeris annulata can be described, as all moths and butterflies can, as shaped like a tube made of ring-shaped segments. It can also have conspicuous ring-shaped markings, on the moth's wings, and even on the sides of the caterpillar. Note the half-rings along the sides of the annulata shown at 


Not that all of them have this pattern, or any other pattern, of conspicuous markings. Hatchlings, scientists confidently say, are black. As they grow and molt they display markings, which can be white, yellow, or pink, or remain black. The bristles may be gold-toned. Scientists have not found a consistent pattern to predict how an individual stingingworm is going to look. 

They are better camouflaged, and more likely to be noticed by humans showing the "YeeOWCHHH what was THAT?" reaction pattern, when they stay black throughout life. They may, like some butterflies, tend to show more dark color if exposed to lower temperatures, more light color under warmer conditions. Caterpillars in these genera are the ones people describe as "nasty," "vicious," and "evil." They do not show much evidence of consciousness. They don't think through their problems. Instincts tell them, when disturbed in any way, to curl up in a ball with their stinging bristles outward and drop to the ground. They don't know whether they're being attacked or not, but their reflex reaction could be described as an "If there is a predator, inflict as much damage as possible" pattern. (They are light enough, and their bristles are firm enough, that falling fifty feet out of a tree and landing on their bristles doesn't seem to hurt them.) 

"There is no single rule for separating...eglanterina, annulata, and other populations," one scientist observed in Tuskes, Collins, and Tuttle's Wild Silk Moths of North America. If the different types of moth in this group are distinct species, they hybridize freely. They are large moths that typically fly in the daytime and aren't attracted to light at night. The moths, like the caterpillars, show some combination of black, white, pink, or yellow colors. 

A photo essay studying one individual annulata, with particularly clear and gorgeous black rings on its pinkish white and bright yellow wings, appears at https://www.argentinat.org/taxa/1026499-Hemileuca-eglanterina-annulata/browse_photos .Our featured photo (at the top) appears on several other pages but seems to have come from this collection.

The big silk moths don't eat. They live on the fat they stored up as caterpillars. They have only days to find mates. Males are attracted to the scent of females, which humans don't seem to notice. Females usually choose a mate after their wings have expanded but before they fly. After mating the female moth usually lays her first and biggest batch of eggs on the branch where she crawled out of her pupal skin to spread her wings. Then she flies off to find more twigs and lay more eggs. A female will tpically lay three batches of eggs, sometimes more, with fewer eggs in each batch. Meanwhile the male may mate with three or more females if he can, and he also produces fewer viable sperm each time. Then their energy is spent and their lives are over. Scientists can easily pick male moths off the cage in which a female is confined. If the moths can get together to mate they are, like some of the real giants in this family, in no hurry. "Dum vivimus, amamus," they nonverbally say. Annulata couples like to snuggle for anywhere from thirty minutes to two hours. They probably experience their lives as very romantic.

Egg clusters are big enough for humans to find the clusters on tree branches and pick them off trees we want to protect, but the branches chosen may be too high to reach easily or may be concealed by foliage. Female moths usually try to lay their eggs on plants their larvae will be able to eat. Since the moths in this group can eat almost anything, they don't need to be particular about where they lay their eggs.

In the warmer part of their range (Alberta to Argentina), especially, caterpillars in this group are likely to hatch during North America's winter months. Having black skin and sticking close together in groups may help them keep warm when the days are mild and the nights are cool. Their slow growth rate and relatively long lives may have something to do with their living in dry climates (they succumb to fungus infections in damp weather) and going into hibernation mode at night. If the group are disturbed they may start wagging their heads; the movement may persist until the whole group are oscillating, presenting a confusing target to predators that might want to grab a head, and increasing the probability that the said predator will bump into their spines. 

How bad is the sting, and are some species' stings worse than others? Answers to this question cluster around entomologist David Fine's not very scientific experiment, video-recorded at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jv6YApmwo5k . In the video, Fine touches the thumb edge of one hand to the back of a Hemileuca caterpillar and the thumb edge of the other hand to the back of an Automeris io caterpillar. (Io's are easy to recognize by their bright green color; their name comes from a character in Greek literature, probably originally pronounced more like "E-O.") We can't really see welts form, though Fine tells us he can, and have to take his word that the Io sting was much more painful. Some commenters describe much more painful reactions to Hemileuca stings when they inadvertently grabbed or stepped on the caterpillars. 

Lightbulb! Hemileuca bristles usually branch around a central spine. A light touch such as Fine did would touch only the tip of each central spine, releasing relatively little venom into his skin, while grabbing or stepping on the caterpillar would bring more skin into contact with more spines and more venom. Automeris bristles are flat-topped, allowing almost all the tips of each clump of spines to touch the skin at the same time. Even a light touch would release much more venom into the skin. So it depends less on the species than on the extent of contact with stinging spines. If stung, rinse with cold water, use sticky tape to remove any spine tips that may stick in the skin, and wait. Call a hospital if anaphylactic shock sets in, since it's curable, but most people have nothing to fear. The pain will subside in minutes or days, depending on how much venom the person absorbed.

As the caterpillars mature and the spines branch more conspicuously, they separate, but as they separate from a central point, where you find one you're likely to find more. They are vulnerable to micro-predators--tiny burrowing wasps that may be starting to eat a caterpillar while it is crawling about. They can hibernate through the winter; in Colorado and further north these moths normally live more than a year, though they spend more of their lives as caterpillars or pupae, and hibernate through much of that time. They normally mature in early summer, pupate in late summer, and fly in autumn. The name "buck moth," widely given to this group, was associated with "buck" deer hunting season

Again, while photos of Hemileuca are abundant, it takes an expert to identify one as annulata. A good clear color photo of a confirmed annulata caterpillar is available at https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/handle/10150/609134/dp_10_01-013-030.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y . The photo section is between the main text and the bibliography.

Though they're in the silk moth family, they don't produce much silk. Usually they pupate under a leaf, a rock,or a layer of dirt rather than making a cocoon. After pupating they climb onto a twig to eclose, or expand into their adult bodies and spread teir wings. Then the cycle starts over again. 

Sunday, July 30, 2023

Sunday Thought: How Do We Overcome the Fear...?

So the weather finally changed. As usual when our weather changes in July, the change was a big loud storm, or storm system, that kept on rumbling and doing damage for hours. I was at home, trying to read a PDF of a forthcoming book, suppressing the whole "I wrote something better than this in grade nine, but I burned it" complex, and all the lights went out. Worse than that, the window fan went off. 

I lighted a candle and read by candlelight and felt sorry for myself, while knowing that several hundred people were worse off than I was. At the Cat Sanctuary it hadn't been a Code Red day. In cities it had. I don't store food in a freezer. Many people do. I have no cardiovascular problems. Many people do. I thought depending on an ever wider "power grid" was likely to kill any of the older generation who've survived the coronavirus panic. We need to be dismantling that grid. And meanwhile I had the usual short list of twenty things I wanted to do and, without electric light, I couldn't do any of them. I finished that book, and then I read back through a backlog of old newspapers.

Morning came. The lights were still off. The humidity was still about 99%. I put on a clean dress. "Meow?" the cats asked. "It's a very 'meow' morning, no 'purr' about it," I grumbled, setting out their breakfast. I do not like having to make extra trips into town. I did not like the story I'd read on the back page of a newspaper from last spring.

Probably most of you Gentle Readers have already read the sad story of Ralph Yarl, a high school boy who had just reached driving age and been awarded the proud responsibility of picking up his little brother from a play date. Yarl drove safely to the wrong address. He knocked on the door of what turned out to be an 84-year-old paranoid. Seeing an unfamiliar young man at his door, the old man didn't just pretend he was not at home, as I would have done. He shot Yarl. Twice. One shot hit the kid's head and might easily have killed him.

Yarl was generally perceived as a good student. Of course, "good" teenagers, who earn good grades and look after their little brothers and do part-time jobs, tend to be teased and bullied at school; sometimes they want to look more dangerous than they are. Of course, newspapers and web sites chose pictures of Yarl that make him look as if he were about to sing in a church choir. Of course, a lot of people, not all of them old and not all of them even White, see every Black young man as a violent criminal. Yarl happened to be Black but it's not certain that the old man wouldn't have shot him if he'd been White; old people who spend too much time at home alone, watching television, tend to form fears of everybody outside an ever-shrinking short list of acquaintances.

I walked unhappily out in the rain. I saw two big round patches in grass where someone had been carrying a big oldfashioned round sprayer and felt a need to set it down. I had seen person's trail through the not-a-lawn. Person had been in the orchard, spraying poison on the surviving trees. Most of my relatives are good people who put High Sensory Perceptivity and the other gifts that go with it to good uses. Then there's one cousin who is the absolute scum of the earth, who has been sneaking around our neighborhood in the dead of the night, for thirty years now, coveting land, trying to motivate people to want to move away, trying to turn people against each other and especially against the young, playing stupid kid pranks. Poisoning fruit trees is not exactly a prank. Leaving a trail that can be followed is below the Professional Bad Neighbor's standard. His intention was to make me miserable, and I did feel grumpy and lazy this morning, but hello, the night's rain was already washing the poison down to Tennessee. Stupid jerk is doing himself more harm than me. I fully expect the end of this long story to be that I walk out one morning and find this guy lying in a puddle of his own blood, and I hope it's in a place where I can take his stupidphone out of his pocket, dial 911, and say "Hello, police? You wanted to see proof that my cousin's been sneaking onto my property with the stated intention of killing me? You want to see what a bad, really bad glyphosate reaction looks like? Behold." 

Since I knew it was going to rain I took my serious umbrella, the big awkward one. Since it was Sunday morning I didn't think about knocking on any private people's doors, or trying to determine whether any of the smaller shops in town had lights, but headed straight for the shopping plaza, which has big backup generators. That route leads me past five houses. None of those houses had visible lights on. That might have been because it was, technically, daytime, although the clouds were dark enough that people might have turned on lights indoors. But coming from the fourth of those five houses was a sound like a gas-powered generator. I walked on, and about the time I lost sight of the fifth house I learned that my serious umbrella had developed a leak. The flimsy folding one I carry everywhere has many visible leaks and a few loose ribs. The serious one had developed the kind of leak good umbrellas tend to develop over the years, not visible, right down the center pole. A good umbrella's first leak can get you much wetter than a cheap umbrella's first half-dozen leaks. Fortunately it was hot enough that being wet didn't matter.

Someone pulled over. Tried to back closer, succeeded in getting one wheel onto the edge of the dranage ditch while another wheel was about two feet from a traffic lane. Nasty. I waited, looked both ways, hurried around the car through the traffic lane. A window rolled down. "Need a lift?" asked a relative-who's-become-a-familiar-stranger. I have a couple thousand of those. "Sure do," I said, running around the front of the car, holding on to the car to keep out of the ditch. 

People like to think that everyone can tell that they're nice people with good intentions. This is not always the case. I have one relative who is about as far from being a nice person with good intentions as it's possible to get. Why did I expect this relative to be acting like a nice person with good intentions, this morning? Because, in the real world, most people do. Most people are. Only in the news media, which always report what's unusual, do we see as many people behaving badly as people behaving well. Most of the time, most people behave well. The only serious concern in my mind was whether this relative was still a competent driver. Once or twice I have got into a car with a relative and, having gone a little way, said "I want to drive." I hate when that happens, partly because of what it means for the other person, and partly because my eyes were not built for driving. But this person had no trouble going forward, I was glad to see. Anyone might have had trouble backing along the edge of a wet, overgrown ditch.

"I was going into Kingsport."

"I was going to the shopping plaza."

"Do you need anything in particular?"

"A phone would be nice if you have one."

Call the company. Zero through the many annoying robot messages; life is too short to try to talk out loud to other people's computers. "We are experiencing a high volume of calls. Your estimated wait time is 25 minutes. You can speed things up by visiting our web site..."

"If the computer were working I wouldn't need to call you!" We laughed. We were now in the parking lot. "Do you have time to kill, waiting?"

"I have sixteen minutes to get to where I'm going."

"Oh, well, in that case, thanks for trying! Have a good trip!"

At the shopping plaza employees were sitting outside one of the smaller stores, talking about its being closed because of the power outage. I saw lights in one of the big stores, not the other. I went into the one with the lights and reported the power outage. "People all over West Virginia are reporting power outages. I've entered your call into the system. Your neighborhood is expected to have power restored by ten o'clock tonight." 

"Have a good day," I said, feeling that that sort of non-response didn't deserve thanks. What has West Virginia to do with my neighborhood? They should have their repairmen, and we should have ours, and I should have seen ours out on the road this morning, I thought as I meandered around the store, enjoying the air conditioning. giving a lot of time and thought to the selection of heatproof food. 

Maybe I overdid it. Change was starting to weigh down my pocket. I had time to count my coins and plan exactly what to buy with $4.45. Someone came up and handed me some money. "Sponsoring the moth articles? Thank you!" I said cheerfully, but I wasn't sure the person even recognized me, much less wanted to sponsor anything in particular. Some people just think that a person who wears wet shoes and counts change must be desperately poor. As an Internet writer I am, of course, poor. But not desperate. And I would have been wearing wet shoes, and probably counting change, if I'd inherited the oil fields at the peak of their productivity. Wet shoes because wet day; counting change because I like having a pocketful, but my pocket was getting too full. Money doesn't change those things.

But the person moved on, and if the person wanted to be Lady (or Lord; I'm not telling) Bounti-Fool, it's nothing to me. Some of the moth articles have been funded. 

The rain had stopped while I was in the store. When I came out, as I stood waiting for the light to change, it poured. Virginia weather is like that; it's generally mild weather but its timing can feel personal. The umbrella leaked big fat drops right down my neck. 

I walked on, noticing how the vegetation along the road verges is changing after years of the (false) belief that it's cheaper to spray glyphosate than to mow and prune. Kudzu actually thrives and flourishes on glyphosate; a whole new field's being overrun. Cinnamon vines are another invasive nuisance that are hard to kill. Spanish Needles, the most annoying species in the genus Bidens, were raising their nasty little claws. Daisies, the chicory whose blooms are so pretty at this time of year, wild garlic, crown vetch, sweet peas, wild sunflowers, both orange and yellow jewelweeds, even the pretty-flower convolvuli, are losing the battle. A patch of Queen Anne's Lace was making a last stand. Raspberry, blackberry, and wineberry brambles had at least had time to drop their fruit before they were sprayed; nobody wants to eat fruit that grew beside a busy road anyway. At least I didn't see much jimsonweed--that nasty stuff likes sunshine, and this has been a wet year. What the chemical companies have sold the Department of Motor Vehicles as "weed control" basically means a lot of vines will soon be pulling trees down into the road.

Someone stopped and honked a horn behind me. I turned back. This person was much younger than I am and didn't look like a relative. I spoke politely, took a closer look, and identified the person as a relative of someone a relative had married. Not someone I'd ever actually met, but someone to whom I might have been pointed out. By person's grandmother, who went to a church near my neighborhood, while living.

"Could I offer you a lift?"

"If you want to/"

What I worry about, when young people drive, is that so many of them talk on the phone while driving. This one took off and immediately got into a phone conversation, but that was not a problem since the phone was the hands-free kind. Everyone in the car can hear a conversation on that kind of phone. That is the driver's problem not mine.

I had used up only about four hours of a day with neither electricity nor sunshine. I went in and drank some water. I was still thinking about Ralph Yarl, and why some older people are so insanely afraid of the young. 

Some have always said it goes with the territory. Nobody likes knowing that our careers have probably peaked, that people young enough or even too young to be our children are going after our jobs. If we're not careful we start blaming the young for the timing of their birth. 

I like the young, in theory. I see this as a common baby-boomer reaction. We still think of ourselves in terms of identities we formed as rebellious adolescents. We would like to like and understand the young. The young don't particularly want to be liked and understood. Maybe they sense that their purpose in life is to raise our blood pressure. But I personally like to find incidents of Youth Behaving Well. I like to listen to small amounts of what they call music, even their inane phone conversation. They do raise our blood pressure, now and then, but I don't see a lot of possibility for enjoying our old age without learning to enjoy the company of younger people.

I still blame the Daily Feed of Alarm & Despondency from the commercial media, especially television. People who watch television get to the point where they think the greatest danger to them is other people.

We stereotype "the crazy preppers." What's the difference between sane preparation for emergencies, as recommended by the federal government and major religious groups, and "crazy prepping"? Very simple: sane preppers are prepared for the realistic dangers of family or weather-related emergencies; "crazy" preppers are preparing for their fantasy of inter-household wars over the last few cans of food in the cellar. You're sane as long as your focus is on having enough generators to get through a month without electricity, having a year's supply of canned goods for everyone in your family (and, be realistic, some cans to trade with the neighbors), having a way to filter water if the water service grid breaks down. You're in trouble if your focus is on shoot-outs with fellow survivors. 

Seriously...most people my age have witnessed a few real-world local emergencies. The Clinchport Flood, in my early years. Takoma Park's Great Storm. Hurricane Katrina. The attack on New York City in 2001. Others, depending on where we were. So what actually happens when life as a town or neighborhood have known it comes to an abrupt end? Even if it's flippin' New York. Nobody liked being in New York, nobody wants to go back there, but when the news broke that the city everyone in Washington loves to hate had been attacked, it was "Do they need places to go for the winter?" and "Where can we send the money?" 

But on television "survivors" kill and eat the weaker members of their tribe, because making "survival" seem like a total testosterone fest raises the emotional tension...

That's what people forget. What we see on television is not what really happens, not what ought to happen, not even what we should realistically prepare to prevent happening, but what will keep people glued to the set through another commercial. 

In real life, I've seen what happens when a madly mixed neighborhood with young and old, rich and poor, every possible ethnic group, majority-minority, as-if-cast-for-TV sort of people has every road blocked, every light shut off, every house damaged, by a freak storm nobody expected. What happens is that the young take sick days and go around sawing up the trees in the road. A lot of conversations between people who don't normally speak take place. A lot of people whose religious identities differ find religious meaning in their storm stories: People whose apartments have just become unlivable get invited to move in with friends. 

On TV, that story wouldn't work. Wholesomeness feels good but it does not keep people glued to the TV set through boring commercials. So, the story needs to be about looting and shooting. No looting or shooting happened in Takoma Park. TV is not interested in Takoma Park. They'd invent a fictional neighborhood where people would smash what the storm hadn't smashed and steal each other's stuff and fight over it.

In the real world carjacking by hitchhikers is not even statistical. It happens, but it's not common enough to be counted as a category of crime. Actual pedestrians, people who are walking beside the road and accept a lift when one is offered, are not carjackers. Actual hitchhikers, people who are standing or sitting beside the road signalling that they want a lift but not walking, are almost never carjackers. Kidnapping of hitchhikers by drivers is a little more common...but at least 99.99% of incidents that involve unplanned car sharing are simply unplanned car sharing. Carjacking (as a serious crime) usually occurs on the scene of other crimes. (Carjacking is also a frequent topic of nuisance calls to police, and/or jokes, of the "Help, my wife's stopping at another store!" variety.)

Planned car sharing is even safer. It's not altogether unknown for people to advertise car sharing with evil intentions, but it's very rare. Most Uber drivers are motivated to earn good references and go out of their way to be helpful. Most passengers are motivated to be nice to their drivers. 

On TV, car sharing is not (yet) taken for granted as a way of life. (Sponsors are still trying to sell the idea that a motor vehicle built to hold six to twenty people is somehow analogous to a horse, a particular pet with whom riding alone is a bonding experience.) When a TV show mentions car sharing, it's usually in the context of a crime show in which the sympathetic character is going to have to kill a few baddies in self-defense.

Local warming is real--we've all felt it by now, this summer!--and it's getting worse. Fighting it could mean reversing population growth so that there were no more paved roads, no more drivers, no more parking lots, than there were in 1940. Or it could mean that,  now that so many more people own cars and so many of those people are in the same places, we all reverse the adjustments we've made to the American "car culture." Insurance companies could easily make it happen: say, by insuring every seat whether a passenger is in it or not (no incentive not to share!) and adjusting rates to reflect miles driven (more road time = higher risk). One way to fight local warming is to confront the fear so many of us have absorbed about car sharing. The more comfortable people are with car sharing, the less TV they're likely to watch. 

Same with home sharing, with talking to people on the mall or in a bar or even after church. People who watch a lot of television have not just absorbed the concept of "stranger danger" for situations where there's a great imbalance of strength between themselves and a new acquaintance. If they think about it they don't consciously believe, but until they're pushed to think about it they unconsciously act on the belief, that just about all other humans are predators, eager to pounce on them. When there is an imbalance of strength, as between an 84-year-old man and a teenaged boy...

As an introvert I would never brightside you with twaddle about how "a stranger's just a friend you do not know." Bosh. Most often, a stranger's just a bore you do not have to talk to again. But very few people, strangers or otherwise, are predators.

The man who shot Ralph Yarl was Andrew Lester. The final outcome of his case has yet to be revealed. I'd like to see it be flexible, individual, something like "Lester was released in the custody of a son, on condition that he not be left alone in the house, not be allowed to answer the door, have no access to firearms, not drive or go out alone, and have any medication he uses specially monitored for any patterns of interaction with his mental condition." Meanwhile people are soaking up their fifteen minutes of fame, telling the press: Lester was an anger-addicted cardiovascular patient, easily provoked to anger at anybody. (That's common.) No, Lester was a racist, drawn to racist web sites. (That's not common, because there aren't many genuinely racist web sites. There aren't even a lot of web sites for legitimate whining on the part of White male writers who've been told that publishers want to read the work of "diversity hires" only, again, this year. There are a lot of web sites that get called racist by people who don't know what racism is and think it means "not agreeing with our party about everything.") Or maybe he just thought too much about that "crazy prepper" idea, common to TV shows that aren't about preparation for emergencies at all, that other people want to beat you up or kill you and take your stuff. Or could it be that Lester was just an old man who spent too much time reliving his memories of conflict with other men, watching violent man-against-man melodramas, on television?

If television producers started trying to teach men about "tend and befriend" reactions to danger--well, the late Michael Landon did try--ratings would drop. The shows would be tagged as, oh how terrible, wholesome family shows for children. There would be a fair question whether shows that men refused to watch could possibly be of any benefit to men.

But what if the families of men like Andrew Lester paid close attention to their condition? What if they had noticed the point at which "Grandpa doesn't try to control his emotional reactions to anger; Grandpa screams and swears at people who call or knock on the door" turned into "Grandpa has frothed up out of control and threatened a gaggle of Jehovah's Witnesses," before it reached the point of "Grandpa shot a schoolboy who came to the door, by an honest mistake, looking for his little brother"?

Seriously. Nobody's grandfather needs to spend his last days living in that kind of fear.

Book Review: Beyond the Quiet Hills

Title: Beyond the Quiet Hills

Author: Gilbert Morris & Aaron McCarver

Date: 1997

Publisher: Bethany House

ISBN: 1-55661-886-7

Length: 351 pages

Quote: “I’ve got a life here with my grandparents, after I was abandoned by a father...Besides, I’m thinking of getting married.”

Basically this is a Teen Romance, set in an historical period when teenagers were legally allowed to marry each other. (Or adults, if they so chose.) Two stepbrothers feel attracted to one girl, and two other girls are also interested in them. As if that weren’t enough “sweet romance” for any reader, there’s also an adult romance between the widowed older couple whose marriage makes the boys stepbrothers, though it’s low-key, the way adult romances really seem to have been in the 1770s.

It is not a particularly well crafted romance. The characters get what sense of reality they have from the fact that they were real; that is, there was a real Watauga settlement, where the names and situations of some of the settlers are known to history, and the minor characters in this book really did most of the things Morris and McCarver have them do in the story, under the names Morris and McCarver give them. (The sheriff’s name is lost to history, the authors admit in a note at the end, so they imagined him as Hawk. When we see Hawk acting as sheriff, that part of his story is fact.) They were the wise, brave leaders of their day. Some of them later made epic mistakes, but that came after the years when this story takes place. In the 1770s they were the parent figures to the first generation of people on the Tennessee and North Carolina border.

In the 1770s the English and Cherokee people were trying very very hard to be “brothers,” learning each other’s lore and language, actively rewarding intermarriage, and (as we see in the novel) political rumblings of discontent were working against that early attempt at “brotherhood.” And, as always, hate was most attractive to individuals who had nothing else to offer their community: Morris and McCarver don’t try to characterize the haters on the Cherokee side, but they do bring to life and characterize the English ones, who probably were as vile as this book makes them seem, and might have been worse.

Their story gives the authors plenty of plot against which to set a predictable story of a young man who has background, money, courage, looks, and brains, and three pretty girls after him, but finds happiness when he confesses his selfishness and self-pity as a sin and becomes a more serious Christian.

I read this novel in a way that made it a more interesting literary experience than can usually be expected from a Sunday School romance. I stored two different works of fiction in separate places and read them concurrently, in the odd bits of time I had in each place. Both novels happened, just by chance, to be about the southern Appalachian mountain region: Beyond the Quiet Hills, and then Harriette Simpson Arnow’s Dollmaker, which is among at least the top fifty novels written in English in the twentieth century. I’ve seen the Watauga country, but Beyond the Quiet Hills does not bring it to my mind’s eye; when I first read The Dollmaker I had not seen Detroit, but the novel brought it to my mind’s eye and I recognized it when I saw it. I noticed how Arnow kept President Roosevelt and “Old Man Flint” in the background and gave her fictional characters a lively, plausible, tragic and comic story all their own; Morris and McCarver rely on history for their plot, even the events that push the hormone-ridden teenagers together and apart. I noticed how tastefully both novels present what Joyce Carol Oates so memorably called “the reality of sex” for middle-aged women—which is to say, apart from something to giggle about with the men we love, children—and how each of the babies produced by the middle-aged romance that runs through The Dollmaker is a young character in its own right, such that no matter how many times I’ve read it I’m apt to cry when one of them dies; the pre-teen children in Beyond the Quiet Hills are just names. Reading these books together was a real study in Why Christian Literature Is Often Overlooked or Belittled In the Literary Community. Prejudice can be a factor, but Sunday School novels tend to make it so easy...

Then I thought about what these novels have in common. Both of them are something that’s not always been easy to find: a fictional treatment of Applachian mountain people as we really are—when not begging and poor-mouthing to social workers, or showing off our disdain for those who do. The perception that social workers, and similar breeds of selfish Lady Bounti-Fools, exist in order to be stripped as bare as a coal mine has its reasons for existing—why else do they exist?—but the art and literature it spawned were dreadful and did a great deal to turn mountain people against the arts. In Beyond the Quiet Hills as in The Dollmaker, mountain people may not be wealthy but are certainly competent to take care of themselves and their own; they’re even people we might want to know.

Nancy Ward is the one I find most interesting. Historians have never been sure exactly how to describe her. As a young girl she’d had a special role in religious ceremonies; as a teenaged widow she’d led a war party to exact revenge, so she could fairly be called a war chief—but by the time she was written about in English she wasn’t going to war any more. Her title was Ghigau, which translates as “Beloved Woman” (or “Lady” or even “Mother”). What exactly it meant may have been undergoing transition .Cherokee society was not bound by feudal hierarchies. People wanted to seem modest rather than pompous about any honors higher than simply being the leader of this particular group on this particular occasion, which was all "chief" meant. Probably most Cherokees, male and female, really were chiefs; Benge, who wasn't even a Cherokee, was called a chief. Nancy Ward’s menfolks ranked higher than the other chiefs. So did she. Thinking in English influenced by other cultural traditions, I tend to read Nancy Ward as a war chief trying to earn the rank of peace chief, except that those weren’t Cherokee phrases and nobody even seems to know how badly they misrepresent the woman’s actual life. Anyway she was a lady of considerable influence; her second husband was English, her opinions were highly regarded, and as an adult she generally stood for peace. This novel includes her best known scene, where some young Cherokee warriors wanted to take a White woman hostage, and Ward said to them something translated in words like “If you want the honor of fighting old ladies, fight me--if you dare.” They didn’t. She was among the Watauga settlement’s main claims to fame...

But that’s the sort of thing that makes me wonder how different the effect of an historical novel, or even of a terse historical study, must be on readers depending on how much history they have already read. Growing up as near to the Watauga settlement as I did, having read as much about Nancy Ward as I did (and about Daniel Boone and John Sevier and Attakullakulla, too), I see her name in Beyond the Quiet Hills and instantly remember her story and think, “So that’s part of this story too!” Which it is. I can picture a schoolgirl in Auckland or Port of Spain getting hold of a copy of this book, liking its conflicted prize of a romantic hero, never having read the names of Nancy Ward or even John Sevier. “So, some of the things the hero(es) and heroine(s) of the romance are thinking about are that one of the neighbors stopped the Cherokee haters from killing an English woman, and another one leaned over the walls of a fort to drag another woman up out of danger during a battle. Well. They lived in interesting times.” Real Hillbillies get more meaning out of the same words. As I’ve said about some of the historical nonfiction books I’ve reviewed here: good historical fiction works if you don’t know the true stories behind it, but it’s much more fun if you do. 

As for the Englishmen of the Watauga settlement, although they were in line with the political philosophy that predominated in Richmond and Raleigh in the 1770s, by the 1790s they would have diverged so far that some would call them traitors. I wouldn’t say traitors, myself. They had a point of view. Any really comprehensive book of U.S. history will discuss that, although when I was in school...well, it was the era of “social studies” and feeble history books. Perhaps it’s better if those who don’t know the full biographies of Daniel Boone and John Sevier remember them best as the young, gallant fellows they were in the 1770s, when Sevier distinguished himself by leaning over a wall to haul a girl in out of danger, and Boone had yet to kill a bear in a fair fight and clean his knife by carving “D BOON KILL A BAR” on a nearby tree. But it would be a pity if readers of this book thought that “John Sevier”was just another random name the authors picked off old lists for a fictional character, like “Hiram Shoate”or “Jacob Spencer." 

I did enjoy Beyond the Quiet Hills—the part of it that attempts to flesh out the facts. The fictional romance I could have skipped, but teenaged readers will probably enjoy it.

 

Friday, July 28, 2023

Morgan Griffith on the Neglect of Immigrant Children

From U.S. Representative Morgan Griffith; editorial comment below...

"

Office of Refugee Resettlement

In a March hearing, I asked U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary Xavier Becerra to come before my Oversight and Investigations (O&I) Subcommittee to discuss the Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR). I recently chaired said hearing.

ORR, an agency within HHS, is responsible for the care and placement of unaccompanied children who cross our borders.

During my opening statement, I thanked him for testifying and said even though he and I don’t agree on the Biden policies that brought these children to our border, once we have taken on the responsibility for them, we must properly care for them.

During the Biden Administration, ORR has faced an unprecedented surge in the number of unaccompanied minors referred to its custody.

For reference, from fiscal years (FY) 2018 through 2020, ORR averaged around 44,500 referrals per year. As of March 31, 2023, the agency had received almost 60,000 referrals in FY2023. This puts the agency on pace for over 120,000 referrals for the third year in a row.

Evidence from whistleblowers, Inspector General reports, and news reports demonstrate a failure by ORR to competently manage the surge. This surge has led to increased exploitation and trafficking of unaccompanied minors.

During the questioning portion of the hearing, I asked Secretary Becerra about a few specific concerns I have with ORR.

First were comments that Secretary Becerra himself made. In a leaked audio recording, the Secretary was heard saying, in reference to the processing of unaccompanied minors:

“If Henry Ford had seen this in his plants, he would have never become famous and rich. This is not the way you do an assembly line.”

These comments are alarming! In April, the New York Times reported that instead of taking the necessary time and effort to properly vet the people the children were being placed with, ORR fast tracked children through their system. This has led to reports of children being forced to illegally work in dangerous and inappropriate jobs instead of being enrolled in school.

ORR does not even notify the local school system that the children have been placed in their jurisdiction.

While Secretary Becerra’s comments seem to suggest that moving children out of ORR facilities quickly is more important than protecting them, the Secretary claimed that was not the case and his comments were more about overall ORR efficiency.

I also questioned the Secretary about ORR’s unacceptable vetting practices of family members and sponsors.

In regard to establishing claimed familial relationships between an adult and an unaccompanied minor, I asked if the agency does DNA testing. Secretary Becerra said that the agency verifies the identity of the family member mainly through documents, like birth certificates.

This is not enough. Documents like birth certificates or passports can be forged!

DNA testing is the only way to be completely sure there actually is a family connection.*

Additionally, I questioned Secretary Becerra about ORR continuing to waive background checks not only for people claiming to be family members, but also for unrelated adults who live in the house where a child is being placed – practices that were approved by the Secretary in ORR Field Guidance 10 and 11.

Further, ORR does not generally conduct FBI background checks of sponsors. 

The Secretary’s responses to my questions about ORR’s vetting process were far from satisfactory. I was hoping to hear that ORR would start doing FBI background checks on sponsors and DNA tests on those claiming to be family. Unfortunately, that was not the case.

These issues with ORR have been ongoing since the start of the Biden Administration.

In 2021, I visited the Emergency Intake operation at Fort Bliss, Texas, and was shocked by what I learned. There was no collaboration with law enforcement for background checks when vetting sponsors and the “background check” or “public records check” they were using were merely widely available internet search engines.

In my opening, I placed into the record a report by a statewide grand jury in Florida, charged with investigating ORR. It said:

“If any resident of Florida exposed U.S. born children to this process, they would be justifiably arrested for child neglect or worse. We do not think children should be less-protected simply because they were born outside our borders and brought here by a government agency.” 

I agree. In my view, as a former domestic relations attorney in Virginia, ORR’s practices and actions are tantamount to child neglect. A child’s legal status is irrelevant, ORR must do better.

If you have questions, concerns, or comments, feel free to contact my office. You can call my Abingdon office at 276-525-1405 or my Christiansburg office at 540-381-5671. To reach my office via email, please visit my website at www.morgangriffith.house.gov.


"

Comment:  This can't go on. People think that instead of sending their children to school, they can just ship the kids to the United States and the children will be taken care of. But who's volunteering to take care of them?

DNA tests prove nothing. They suggest that a lot of people are not the sons or daughters of their mothers' husbands. Why hurt the feelings of mothers' husbands who are willing to act like fathers? A mother's husband's second cousin may be an ideal foster parent. A biological parent or grandparent may be a drug addict who can't take responsibility even for perself, There's no way a huge government policy can be tweaked to protect children who are sent to a foreign country on their own. 

Even with our own children, adolescence is always a difficult time as hormone surges make even the best situations feel intolerable to teenagers, decisions have to be made about an unknown future, and emotional compatibility between parents or guardians, teachers, and teenagers becomes crucial--and hard to guarantee. A school, home, foster family, or job that seems wonderful for one teenager seems abusive for another teenager. One child perceives a distant, "hands off" approach to teaching, parenting, or supervision as respect, and uses it as a base for prodigious achievements; another child perceives the same approach as "not caring" and uses it as an excuse to accomplish nothing, run away, and become a teenaged drug prostitute. There are no guarantees with or for teenagers. Most adults prefer just to avoid teenagers, even their own offspring, so that we won't be blamed when something goes wrong! 

It would be better to tell parents who are considering shipping their children off to the United States, "Don't do it. We can take no responsibility for your children. 

We can prosecute the life out of anyone we catch prostituting any child, put such creatures in prison and instruct the guards not to interfere if the murderers want to improvise a play about wine making and cast the child traffickers as grapes--but that's about all. 

We can make it hard for children to get legitimate, age-appropriate jobs--but a primary effect of that will be to put some children into illegitimate, inappropriate jobs. 

We can mandate that all children spend some time in some sort of school--but that's no guarantee that they will actually learn anything or that they'll be safe, even on the most basic physical level, from beatings, rape, or even murder. 

Every year we automate more entry-level jobs, so there is less opportunity for a teenager to get a nice wholesome part-time job stocking shelves or washing dishes, and so there's more opportunity for him and his guardians to be desperate enough that he ends up working in a coal mine. 

We can't promise to connect unaccompanied children with relatives who live here--the only way you can know with whom your children might live is to bring them here, yourselves, and make sure you know the alleged relatives who may turn up to claim them. We can't promise them homes, education, or medical care. Americans are like the rest of the world in that some of us love all children and wish we could adopt more of them, and some of us are selfish pieces of garbage who will exploit and abuse anybody in any way we can. If you send children here as unaccompanied refugees, you need to know that every year we have less room even for genuine refugees from natural disasters and wars, and it is entirely a matter of luck whether those children live or die. 

So don't send them here. If you want to see your children grow up, then KEEP THEM AT HOME."